Melbet casino – games that bring income

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Skin like butterfly wings: UP scientists investigate rare deadly disease

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As rare and deadly as it is poetically named, “Butterfly’s Disease” (scientifically known as “epidemolysis bullosa” or simply “EB”) has no known cure. But a handful of Filipino scientists are working their way towards a treatment.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) sufferers have very delicate and fragile skin reminiscent of butterfly wings. The disease has many forms, including EB simplex (pictured) as well as the rarer—and potentially deadly—Junctional EB (JEB) that can affect even internal organs. (PHOTO CREDIT: James Heilman, MD | Wikimedia Commons)

EB is a very serious disease, for those afflicted as well as for their families. Sufferers have severely fragile skin that easily blisters and tears even with the slightest touch, hence the comparison to butterfly wings. EB also varies in form, with mild cases that only affect the outer skin to extreme cases that injure even internal organs—an extreme condition that can lead to severe disability or even death.

To further understand Butterfly’s Disease, scientists from the University of the Philippines – Diliman College of Science (UPD-CS) have focused on a genetic mutation known to cause an even rarer type of EB called Junctional EB (JEB), which affects more layers of the skin and can be fatal if it happens during early infancy.



Genetic investigators’ surprise discovery

The onset of JEB has been associated with a genetic mutation called G273D that affects how the body produces a protein called ITGA6-ITGB4 integrin (or Integrin A6B4 for short), which plays a vital role in joining together cells and tissues. The G237D mutation causes the production of malfunctioning Integrin A6B4 and decreases the presence of functional Integrin A6B4 on epithelial cell surfaces, leading to weaker cell adhesion in the skin tissue and resulting in severe skin blisters.

Molecular biologist Dr. Neil Andrew Bascos and his graduate students, Kim Ivan Abesamis and Camille Anne Bagoyo, of the National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (UPD-CS NIMBB) are investigating just how G237D affects the structure of Integrin A6B4.

“We weren’t looking to study EB when we started this study,” Dr. Bascos narrated. “The main goal of the research has previously been looking at the function of integrins and their roles in cancer. Interestingly though, we’ve found that integrins may be associated with many other relevant diseases. Finding its involvement in this disfiguring disease provides us a means through which our research may be able to help the afflicted people.”

In their computational study, the researchers investigated how the G237D mutation prevents Integrin A6B4 from forming, and from binding their targets properly. Some factors, such as the presence of calcium ions, were also observed to stabilize integrin interactions.



Paving the way for future research

The study sets the direction for further research into factors that can alter the effect of the G237D mutation on Integrin A6B4 function. Exploring these factors can pave the way for discovering cures for EB. “At this point, it’s very much basic research, medyo predictive pa. It would need proof of principle, but these studies give us concrete targets to test in the search for ways to alleviate the disease,” Dr. Bascos said.

Some people with EB die as infants. Others manage to survive, but suffer from chronic illnesses that stem from its effects. Although little is currently known about effective treatments and cures for Butterfly’s Disease, the UP scientists remain steadfast in their quest to gain a deeper understanding of EB, in hopes of improving the quality of life of these patients and their families.





References:

Abesamis, K. I. A., Bagoyo, C. A. S., & Bascos, N. A. D. (2021). Investigating the effect of a non-conservative mutation (G273D) on integrin alpha6-beta4 binding interactions. Biophysical Journal, 120(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1709

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. (n.d.). Epidermolysis Bullosa. Retrieved from https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/e/epidermolysis-bullosa

EB Research Network. (n.d.). Understanding EB & its classification. Retrieved from https://www.eb-researchnetwork.org/research/what-is-eb/

GMA Integrated News and Public Affairs. (n.d.). Butterfly Child. Brigada. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1693026984165308.



Written by Eunice Jean Patron, UPD-CS SciComm

6 Essential Hiking Safety Tips You Should Always Follow

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Hiking could be an adventurous experience that pushes your physical limits and brings you closer to nature. But when you go on outdoor outings, safety must come first if you want to have a good time without any disasters. We will examine crucial safety advice that each hiker should be mindful of in this extensive guide. From proper preparation to equipment considerations, these insights will help you stay safe and make the most of your hiking endeavors.

 
1. Choosing the Right Trail

It's important to choose a path for your level of fitness and experience when organizing a trek. Take into account elements like distance, elevation change, and terrain complexity. Opting for a trail beyond your capabilities can lead to fatigue, injuries, or even getting lost. Starting with shorter and well-marked paths allows you to gradually build up your stamina and hiking skills. You may progressively advance to more difficult paths that provide breath-taking panoramas and distinctive natural features as your confidence grows. To get the most out of your hiking experience, make informed decisions since the trip is just as essential as the destination.

 
2. Weather Awareness

Because nature is erratic, the weather might suddenly change while you're hiking. It is crucial to keep up with local weather forecasts when hiking and to be ready for unforeseen weather changes. Dressing appropriately for the conditions is crucial. You can adapt to changes in temperature throughout the day by layering your clothing. Start with a base layer that wicks away moisture to keep you dry and comfortable, add layers of insulation for warmth, and finish with a watertight and windproof outer shell to guard against precipitation that comes out of nowhere. You may be prepared for unexpected downpours by carrying necessary rain equipment, such as a lightweight, compact rain jacket and pants.

 
3. Pack Wisely

Preparing your backpack with the right supplies is essential to ensure a smooth and enjoyable hiking adventure. Consider your packing carefully before starting your outdoor adventure, keeping weight management and usability in mind. Beginning with hydration. Drinking plenty of water is essential. Make sure you bring a high-quality thermos or a water jug. Consider using a water reservoir or water bottles that are easily accessible for quick sips along the trail. Additionally, if you anticipate encountering natural water sources, it may be worth bringing a water filter or purifier for emergencies. Next, fuel your body with nutritious snacks that provide long-lasting energy. Trail mix packs, protein bars, and fresh fruit are great options to keep you fueled and focused on the trail ahead. Pack snacks in resealable bags for easy access and to minimize waste. A hiker's best companion is a first aid kit that is well-stocked. A few necessities to remember to include are sticky bandages, antiseptic wipes, painkillers, blistering treatment, and any personal prescriptions you might require. Being ready for any potential small discomforts or injuries is always preferable.

 
4. Leave No Trace

Preserving the beauty of nature is a responsibility we all share as hikers. Following the principles of "Leave No Trace" ensures that we minimize our impact on the environment and leave the trails as we found them. Make sure you stick to the charted trails, don’t ruin preserved eco systems and avoid trampling on delicate vegetation. Carry a small garbage bag and pack out all trash, including food wrappers, tissues, and other waste. Dispose of waste properly and avoid contaminating water sources. Don’t threaten wildlife make sure to watch them from a safe distance and do not attempt to feed or disturb them. By practicing leave-no-trace ethics, you contribute to the preservation of our natural treasures and help ensure that future generations can also enjoy the beauty of the outdoors.

 
5. Find utility in comfortable workwear

When it comes to hiking attire, comfort and functionality are key. Opting for suitable clothing is essential to ensure flexibility and mobility on the trails. Consider the amazing versatility of workwear shorts in womens category, since it offers a perfect blend of comfort and durability. Designed to withstand rugged environments, these shorts provide ample pocket space for carrying essentials like maps, compasses, snacks, and small personal items. With reinforced stitching and rugged materials, they are built to withstand the demands of the trail while keeping you comfortable and agile. Workwear shorts for the women's workforce are versatile enough to handle various hiking terrains, from rocky trails to dense forests. By choosing the right gear, you can hike with ease, focus on the breathtaking surroundings, have an amazing fun and enjoy every step of your adventure.

 
6. Hiking with a Buddy

While hiking solo can be a reflective and empowering experience, having a hiking companion adds an extra layer of safety. Joining forces with a fellow hiker allows you to support and watch out for each other. In case of an injury or other emergencies, having someone to assist or seek help can be invaluable. Before heading out, share your hiking plans with a trusted person who is aware of your itinerary and expected return time. The trail you want to trek on, the anticipated length of your hike, and any specific landmarks or checkpoints en route should all be disclosed to them. This way, they can respond appropriately if you run into any issues or don't show there on time. Walking with a friend not only makes your journey safer but more social as you can discuss the benefits and challenges of the trail with a companion who has similar interests.

As you learn more about hiking, remember that your safety should always come first. By choosing appropriate trails, being aware of weather conditions and dressing accordingly, opting for suitable gear like workwear shorts, packing wisely, respecting the environment through Leave No Trace practices, and hiking with a companion, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable outdoor experience. Embrace the wonders of nature, but do so responsibly. Stay informed, be prepared, and have an amazing time exploring the beauty that awaits you on the hiking trails.